Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response arising from a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic insults. Lung tissue is composed of a variety of cell populations, including parenchymal and immune cells. ⋯ To date, the question of how different types of pulmonary cells communicate with each other and subsequently regulate or modulate inflammatory cascades remains to be fully addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the role of cell-cell interaction in the development of ALI and depict molecular mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions regulate lung inflammation, focusing on inter-cellular activities and signaling pathways that point to possible therapeutic opportunities for ALI/ARDS.
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Neutrophils play a critical role in the eradication of pathogenic organisms, particularly bacteria. However, in the septic patient the prolonged activation and accumulation of neutrophils may augment tissue and organ injury. ⋯ Delayed neutrophil apoptosis may contribute to organ injury, or allow better clearance of pathogens. Neutrophils provide a friendly immune response to clear infections, but excessive activation and recruitment has the potential to turn them into potent foes.
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Retraction Of Publication
Retraction of Articles Published in Shock With Joachim Boldt as Principle Author.
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Pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death globally, with rapid progression during sepsis. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are becoming more common with some healthcare-associated pneumonia events. Early detection of MDRO risk improves the outcomes; however, MDROs risk in pneumonia with sepsis is unknown. This study investigated the disease outcomes of pneumonia with septic shock in patients admitted in the emergency department (ED) intensive care unit (ICU), a population with a high prevalence of MDROs, after early screening of MDROs risk. ⋯ MDRO screening within 1 h is recommended following admission of patients with pneumonia and early septic shock in the ED, especially in areas with a high prevalence of MDROs.
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Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), a proinflammatory mediator, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced lung injury in neonates. Luteolin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. ⋯ In conclusion, administration of luteolin suppresses CIRP production and attenuates lung injury in neonatal sepsis. The beneficial effect of luteolin may be related to downregulation of HIF-1α and NLRP3 expression in neonatal macrophages. Luteolin may be developed as an adjunctive therapy for neonatal sepsis.