American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialReslizumab for poorly controlled, eosinophilic asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Eosinophilic asthma is a phenotype of asthma characterized by the persistence of eosinophils in the airways. IL-5 is involved in the activation and survival of eosinophils. ⋯ Patients receiving reslizumab showed significantly greater reductions in sputum eosinophils, improvements in airway function, and a trend toward greater asthma control than those receiving placebo. Reslizumab was generally well tolerated.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy withdrawal in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.
To establish a new approach to investigate the physiological effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to evaluate novel treatments, during a period of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) withdrawal. ⋯ CPAP withdrawal usually leads to a rapid recurrence of OSA, a return of subjective sleepiness, and is associated with impaired endothelial function, increased urinary catecholamines, blood pressure, and heart rate. Thus the proposed study model appears to be suitable to evaluate physiological and therapeutic effects in OSA. Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN93153804).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAttenuation of obstructive sleep apnea by compression stockings in subjects with venous insufficiency.
Fluid accumulation in the legs and its overnight redistribution into the neck appears to play a causative role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in sedentary men. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) promotes fluid accumulation in the legs that can be counteracted by compression stockings. ⋯ Redistribution of fluid from the legs into the neck at night contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA in subjects with CVI. Prevention of fluid accumulation in the legs during the day, and its nocturnal displacement into the neck, attenuates OSA in such subjects.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialContinuous control of tracheal cuff pressure and microaspiration of gastric contents in critically ill patients.
Underinflation of the tracheal cuff frequently occurs in critically ill patients and represents a risk factor for microaspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions and gastric contents that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). ⋯ Continuous control of P(cuff) is associated with significantly decreased microaspiration of gastric contents in critically ill patients.