American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2011
Lung regional metabolic activity and gas volume changes induced by tidal ventilation in patients with acute lung injury.
During acute lung injury (ALI), mechanical ventilation can aggravate inflammation by promoting alveolar distension and cyclic recruitment-derecruitment. As an estimate of the intensity of inflammation, metabolic activity can be measured by positron emission tomography imaging of [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. ⋯ In patients with ALI managed with relatively high end-expiratory pressure, metabolic activity of aerated regions was associated with both plateau pressure and regional Vt normalized by end-expiratory lung gas volume, whereas no association was found between cyclic recruitment-derecruitment and increased metabolic activity.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2011
Lung function and inflammatory responses in healthy young adults exposed to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours.
Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm, close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. ⋯ Exposure of healthy young adults to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours causes a significant decrement of FEV(1) and an increase in neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. GSTM1 genotype alone appears to have no significant role in modifying the effects.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2011
Dual Role of IL-22 in allergic airway inflammation and its cross-talk with IL-17A.
IL-22 has both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory properties. Its role in allergic lung inflammation has not been explored. ⋯ IL-22 is required for the onset of allergic asthma, but functions as a negative regulator of established allergic inflammation. Our study reveals that IL-22 contributes to the proinflammatory properties of IL-17A in experimental allergic asthma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2011
Treatment of tuberculosis with rifamycin-containing regimens in immune-deficient mice.
Daily rifapentine plus isoniazid-pyrazinamide in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces cure in 3 months. Whether cure corresponds to latent infection contained by host immunity or true tissue sterilization is unknown. ⋯ In nude mice, sterilization of tuberculosis is obtained with rifapentine-containing treatment, whereas failure with development of isoniazid resistance is obtained with rifampin-containing treatment.