American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2015
Multicenter StudyFrailty Phenotypes, Disability, and Outcomes in Adult Candidates for Lung Transplantation.
Frailty is associated with morbidity and mortality in abdominal organ transplantation but has not been examined in lung transplantation. ⋯ Frailty is prevalent among lung transplant candidates and is independently associated with greater disability and an increased risk of delisting or death.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2015
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyMulti-center Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals.
Improved understanding of the lung microbiome in HIV-infected individuals could lead to better strategies for diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of HIV-associated pneumonias. Differences in the oral and lung microbiomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals are not well defined. Whether highly active antiretroviral therapy influences these microbiomes is unclear. ⋯ The overall similarity of the microbiomes in participants with and without HIV infection was unexpected, because HIV-infected individuals with relatively preserved CD4 cell counts are at higher risk for lower respiratory tract infections, indicating impaired local immune function.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2015
ReviewFuture Research Directions in Asthma: An NHLBI Working Group Report.
Asthma is a common chronic disease without cure. Our understanding of asthma onset, pathobiology, classification, and management has evolved substantially over the past decade; however, significant asthma-related morbidity and excess healthcare use and costs persist. ⋯ The workshop focused on (1) in utero and early-life origins of asthma, (2) the use of phenotypes and endotypes to classify disease, (3) defining disease modification, (4) disease management, and (5) implementation research. This report summarizes the workshop and produces recommendations to guide future research in asthma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2015
ET-1 Pathway Polymorphisms Affect Outcome in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease. Variable response and tolerability to PAH therapeutics suggests that genetic differences may influence outcomes. The endothelin pathway is central to pulmonary vascular function, and several polymorphisms and/or mutations in the genes coding for endothelin (ET)-1 and its receptors correlate with the clinical manifestations of other diseases. ⋯ ET-1 pathway associated polymorphisms may influence the clinical efficacy of ERA therapy for PAH. Further prospective studies are needed.