American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialTiming of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation and ICU Mortality in ARDS: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Reducing tidal volume decreases mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the effect of the timing of low tidal volume ventilation is not well understood. ⋯ Higher tidal volumes shortly after ARDS onset were associated with a greater risk of ICU mortality compared with subsequent tidal volumes. Timely recognition of ARDS and adherence to low tidal volume ventilation is important for reducing mortality. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00300248).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA Non-Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist Inhibits Allergen-Induced Late Asthmatic Responses.
Effective antiinflammatory therapies are needed for the treatment of asthma, but preferably without the systemic adverse effects of glucocorticosteroids. ⋯ Seven-day treatment with inhalation of the nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist AZD5423 effectively reduced allergen-induced responses in subjects with mild allergic asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01225549).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Active and Passive Smoking and the Incidence of Asthma in the Black Women's Health Study.
Evidence linking active or passive smoking to the incidence of adult-onset asthma is inconsistent with both positive and inverse associations being reported. Most previous studies of active smoking have not accounted for passive smoke exposure, which may have introduced bias. ⋯ In this large population with 16 years of follow-up, active smoking increased the incidence of adult-onset asthma, and passive smoke exposure increased the risk among nonsmokers. Continued efforts to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke may have a beneficial effect on the incidence of adult-onset asthma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Inflammation, Metabolic Dysregulation and Pulmonary Function Among Obese Asthmatic Urban Adolescents.
Insulin resistance and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with pulmonary morbidity, including asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. ⋯ Th1 polarization and monocyte activation among obese subjects with asthma correlates with metabolic abnormalities. Association of monocyte activation with pulmonary function is mediated by body mass index, whereas that of Th1 polarization is mediated by insulin resistance.