American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Clinical TrialA Dose Ranging Trial to Optimize the Dose of Rifampin in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.
Rifampin at a dose of 10 mg/kg was introduced in 1971 based on pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and cost considerations. Available data in mice and humans showed that an increase in dose may shorten the duration of tuberculosis treatment. ⋯ Two weeks of rifampin up to 35 mg/kg was safe and well tolerated. There was a nonlinear increase in exposure to rifampin without an apparent ceiling effect and a greater estimated fall in bacterial load in the higher dosing groups. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01392911).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Official american thoracic society technical standards: flexible airway endoscopy in children.
Flexible airway endoscopy (FAE) is an accepted and frequently performed procedure in the evaluation of children with known or suspected airway and lung parenchymal disorders. However, published technical standards on how to perform FAE in children are lacking. ⋯ These ATS-sponsored technical standards describe the equipment, personnel, competencies, and special procedures associated with FAE in children.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Comparative StudyTargeting PI3K-p110α Suppresses Influenza Viral Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and influenza virus infections are major global health issues. Patients with COPD are more susceptible to infection, which exacerbates their condition and increases morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of increased susceptibility remain poorly understood, and current preventions and treatments have substantial limitations. ⋯ The increased susceptibility of individuals with COPD to influenza likely results from impaired antiviral responses, which are mediated by increased PI3K-p110α activity. This pathway may be targeted therapeutically in COPD, or in healthy individuals, during seasonal or pandemic outbreaks to prevent and/or treat influenza.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Letter Comparative StudyElectronic nose identifies bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils in asthma.