American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialLong-term Follow-up Results of the DANTE Trial, a Randomized Study of Lung Cancer Screening with Spiral Computed Tomography.
Screening for lung cancer with low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% compared with screening with chest X-ray (CXR) in the National Lung Screening Trial, but uncertainty remains concerning the efficacy of LDCT screening in a community setting. ⋯ Because of its limited statistical power, the results of the DANTE (Detection And screening of early lung cancer with Novel imaging TEchnology) trial do not allow us to make a definitive statement about the efficacy of LDCT screening. However, they underline the importance of obtaining additional data from randomized trials with intervention-free reference arms before the implementation of population screening.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCXCR2 Antagonist MK-7123-A Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Trial for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
An antagonist (MK-7123) of the cytokine receptor CXCR2 reduces neutrophil chemotaxis and thus may alleviate airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ⋯ Treatment with MK-7123 50 mg versus placebo led to significant improvement in FEV1 in patients with COPD, suggesting clinically important antiinflammatory effects with CXCR2 antagonism, although dose-related discontinuations were observed because of ANC decreases with MK-7123. Greater response was observed in smokers versus ex-smokers. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01006616).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEthanol Lock and Risk of Hemodialysis Catheter Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Ethanol rapidly eradicated experimental biofilm. Clinical studies of ethanol lock to prevent catheter-related infections (CRIs) suggest preventive efficacy. No such studies have been done in intensive care units (ICU). ⋯ A 2-minute ethanol lock does not decrease the frequency of infection of DCs in ICU patients. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00875069).