American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Cytokines in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Role in Eosinophilia and Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.
The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are not clear. ⋯ CRSwNP was characterized by a predominant type 2 inflammatory environment, whereas CRSsNP did not reflect a classic type 1 milieu, as has been suggested previously. AERD can be distinguished from CRSwNP by elevated ECP levels, but this enhanced eosinophilia is not associated with elevations in traditional type 2 inflammatory mediators associated with eosinophil proliferation and recruitment. However, other factors, including GM-CSF, MCP-1, and tPA, may be important contributors to AERD pathogenesis.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Noninvasive CT-Based Risk Stratification of Lung Adenocarcinomas in the National Lung Screening Trial.
Screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (CT) reduces lung cancer mortality. However, in addition to a high rate of benign nodules, lung cancer screening detects a large number of indolent cancers that generally belong to the adenocarcinoma spectrum. Individualized management of screen-detected adenocarcinomas would be facilitated by noninvasive risk stratification. ⋯ CANARY allows the noninvasive risk stratification of lung adenocarcinomas into three groups with distinct post-treatment progression-free survival. Our results suggest that CANARY could ultimately facilitate individualized management of incidentally or screen-detected lung adenocarcinomas.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Identification of Immune-relevant Factors Conferring Sarcoidosis Genetic Risk.
Genetic variation plays a significant role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. However, only a small fraction of its heritability has been explained so far. ⋯ Functional predictions and protein network analyses suggest a prominent role of the drug-targetable IL23/Th17 signaling pathway in the genetic etiology of sarcoidosis. Our findings reveal a substantial genetic overlap of sarcoidosis with diverse immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, which could be of relevance for the clinical application of modern therapeutics.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sleep Duration, and Abnormal Fasting Glucose: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
No data exist as to the role of ethnicity in the associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), sleep duration, and metabolic dysfunction. ⋯ This large multiethnic study confirmed previous reports of an independent association between OSA and metabolic dysfunction, and suggested that this association may vary by ethnicity.