American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2016
Steroid-induced Deficiency of Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells in the COPD Lung: Implications for NTHi Infection.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a recently described abundant, proinflammatory T-cell subset with unknown roles in pulmonary immunity. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the leading bacterial pathogen during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and is a plausible target for MAIT cells. ⋯ MAIT cells are deficient in blood and bronchial tissue in steroid-treated, but not steroid-naive, COPD. NTHi constitutes a target for pulmonary MAIT-cell immune responses, which are significantly impaired by corticosteroids.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyContinuous Positive Airway Pressure Improves Quality of Life in Women with OSA. A Randomized-controlled Trial.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice in patients with symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CPAP treatment improves quality of life (QoL) in men with OSA, but its role in women has not yet been assessed. ⋯ In women with moderate or severe OSA, 3 months of CPAP therapy improved QoL, mood state, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and daytime sleepiness compared with conservative treatment. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02047071).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2016
Multicenter StudyUltrafine and Fine Particles and Hospital Admissions in Central Europe, Results from the UFIREG Study.
Evidence of short-term effects of ultrafine particles (UFP) on health is still inconsistent and few multicenter studies have been conducted so far especially in Europe. ⋯ Our findings indicated delayed and prolonged effects of UFP exposure on respiratory hospital admissions in Central and Eastern Europe. Cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions increased in association with an increase in PM2.5. Further multicenter studies are needed using harmonized UFP measurements to draw definite conclusions on health effects of UFP.