American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2016
Quantitative IFN-γ,IL-2 Response and Latent Tuberculosis Test Discordance in HIV-infected Pregnant Women.
Pregnant women with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at high risk for development of TB, especially if infected with HIV. ⋯ Choice of LTBI test in pregnant women infected with HIV affects results. Pregnant women with IGRA(+)/TST(-) discordance had less IFN-γ and IL-2 than those with concordant-positive results and may represent an especially high-risk subset for the development of active TB postpartum.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2016
Neuro-phenotypes in Airway Diseases: Insights From Translational Cough Studies.
Most airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are associated with excessive coughing. The extent to which this may be a consequence of increased activation of vagal afferents by pathology in the airways (e.g., inflammatory mediators, excessive mucus) or an altered neuronal phenotype is unknown. Understanding whether respiratory diseases are associated with dysfunction of airway sensory nerves has the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets. ⋯ CS exposure is capable of inducing responses consistent with phenotypic switching in airway sensory nerves comparable with the cough responses observed in patients with COPD. Moreover, the differing profiles of cough responses support the concept of disease-specific neurophenotypes in airway disease. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01297790).