American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2017
Identification of Four Novel Loci in Asthma in European and African American Populations.
Despite significant advances in knowledge of the genetic architecture of asthma, specific contributors to the variability in the burden between populations remain uncovered. ⋯ This study adds to understanding of the genetic architecture of asthma in European Americans and African Americans and reinforces the need to study populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds to identify shared and unique genetic predictors of asthma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2017
A Transcriptome-driven Analysis of Epithelial Brushings and Bronchial Biopsies to Define Asthma Phenotypes in U-BIOPRED.
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease driven by diverse immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms. ⋯ This analysis demonstrates the usefulness of a transcriptomics-driven approach to phenotyping that segments patients who may benefit the most from specific agents that target T-helper cell type 2-mediated inflammation and/or corticosteroid insensitivity.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2017
Mechanical Ventilation to Minimize Progression of Lung Injury in Acute Respiratory Failure.
Mechanical ventilation is used to sustain life in patients with acute respiratory failure. A major concern in mechanically ventilated patients is the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury, which is partially prevented by lung-protective ventilation. Spontaneously breathing, nonintubated patients with acute respiratory failure may have a high respiratory drive and breathe with large tidal volumes and potentially injurious transpulmonary pressure swings. ⋯ Recent data suggest that these patients may develop lung injury that is similar to the ventilator-induced lung injury observed in mechanically ventilated patients. As such, we argue that application of a lung-protective ventilation, today best applied with sedation and endotracheal intubation, might be considered a prophylactic therapy, rather than just a supportive therapy, to minimize the progression of lung injury from a form of patient self-inflicted lung injury. This has important implications for the management of these patients.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2017
A Genome-Wide Association Study to Identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Acute Kidney Injury.
Acute kidney injury is a common and severe complication of critical illness and cardiac surgery. Despite significant attempts at developing treatments, therapeutic advances to attenuate acute kidney injury and expedite recovery have largely failed. ⋯ Our findings reveal two genetic loci that are associated with acute kidney injury. Additional studies should be conducted to functionally evaluate these loci and to identify other common genetic variants contributing to acute kidney injury.