American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2017
Relationships Among Maternal Stress and Depression, Type 2 Responses, and Recurrent Wheezing at Age 3 Years in Low Income Urban Families.
Maternal depression and prenatal and early life stress may influence childhood wheezing illnesses, potentially through effects on immune development. ⋯ In urban children at high risk for asthma, maternal perceived stress and depression were significantly associated with recurrent wheezing but not increased atopy or reduced antiviral responses.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2017
Practice GuidelineGlobal Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary.
This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 report focuses primarily on the revised and novel parts of the document. The most significant changes include: (1) the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation. ABCD groups are now proposed to be derived exclusively from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbations; (2) for each of the groups A to D, escalation strategies for pharmacologic treatments are proposed; (3) the concept of deescalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme; (4) nonpharmacologic therapies are comprehensively presented; and (5) the importance of comorbid conditions in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is reviewed.