American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2017
Lung Pathologies in a Chronic Inflammation Mouse Model are Independent of Eosinophil Degranulation.
The release of eosinophil granule proteins in the lungs of patients with asthma has been dogmatically linked with lung remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the demonstrated inability of established mouse models to display the eosinophil degranulation occurring in human subjects has prevented a definitive in vivo test of this hypothesis. ⋯ These data suggest that improvements observed in patients with asthma responding to therapeutic strategies ablating eosinophils may occur as a consequence of targeting immunoregulatory mechanisms and not by simply eliminating the destructive activities of these purportedly end-stage effector cells.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialPedometer Step Count Targets During Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Increasing physical activity is a key therapeutic aim in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, but there is conflicting evidence regarding its ability to improve physical activity levels. ⋯ Pedometer-directed step-count targets during an outpatient PR program did not enhance moderate-intensity physical activity levels in people with COPD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01719822).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2017
ReviewNew/Repurposed Drugs for Pediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Practice-Based Recommendations.
It is estimated that 33,000 children develop multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) each year. In spite of these numbers, children and adolescents have limited access to the new and repurposed MDR-TB drugs. ⋯ This is despite the fact that these drugs and regimens are associated with improved interim outcomes and acceptable safety profiles in adults. This review fills a gap in the pediatric MDR-TB literature by providing practice-based recommendations for the use of the new (delamanid and bedaquiline) and repurposed (linezolid and clofazimine) MDR-TB drugs and the new shorter MDR-TB regimen in children and adolescents.