American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2018
Deterioration of Regional Lung Strain and Inflammation during Early Lung Injury.
The contribution of aeration heterogeneity to lung injury during early mechanical ventilation of uninjured lungs is unknown. ⋯ Mechanical ventilation consistent with clinical practice did not generate excessive regional strain in heterogeneously aerated supine lungs. However, it allowed worsening of spatial strain distribution in these lungs, associated with increased inflammation. Our results support the implementation of early aeration homogenization in normal lungs.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2018
Comparative StudyImpaired Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Impact Lung Cancer Response to PD-1 Blockade.
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of lung cancer. The chronic inflammation associated with COPD probably promotes the earliest stages of carcinogenesis. However, once tumors have progressed to malignancy, the impact of COPD on the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly defined, and its effects on immune-checkpoint blockers' efficacy are still unknown. ⋯ COPD is associated with an increased sensitivity of CD8 tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to immune escape mechanisms developed by tumors, thus suggesting a higher sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in patients with COPD.