American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2020
Editorial CommentBayesian Analysis in Critical Care Medicine.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2020
Retracted PublicationIsoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment Eradicates Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macaques.
Rationale: Direct evidence for persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in humans is currently lacking. Moreover, although a 12-week regimen of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is currently recommended by the CDC as treatment for LTBI, experimental evidence for 3HP-mediated clearance of persistent Mtb infection in human lungs has not been established. Objectives: Using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of TB, we sought to assess 3HP treatment-mediated clearance of Mtb infection in latently infected macaques. ⋯ However, none of the treated animals developed TB reactivation disease, and they remained without clinical or microbiological evidence of persistent bacilli, suggesting treatment-mediated clearance of bacteria. Conclusions:Mtb can persist in asymptomatic macaques for at least 7 months. Furthermore, 3HP treatment effectively cleared bacteria and prevented reactivation of TB in latently infected macaques.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2020
The Potential Effects of Policy-Driven Air Pollution Interventions on Childhood Lung Development.
Rationale: Although elevated air pollution exposure impairs lung-function development in childhood, it remains a challenge to use this information to estimate the potential public health benefits of air pollution interventions in exposed populations. Objectives: Apply G-computation to estimate hypothetical effects of several realistic scenarios for future air pollution reductions on lung growth. Methods: Mixed-effects linear regression was used to estimate FEV1 and FVC from age 11 to 15 years in 2,120 adolescents across 3 cohorts (1993-2001, 1997-2004, and 2007-2011). ⋯ Comparable results were observed for PM2.5 interventions. Conclusions: We estimated that substantial increases in lung function would occur as a result of interventions that reduce NO2 or PM2.5 concentrations. These findings provide a quantification of potential health benefits of air quality improvement.