Medicina
-
Background and Objectives: Device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) has a significant role in approaching enteric lesions. Endoscopic observation of ulcers or erosions is frequent and can be associated with many nosological entities, namely Crohn's disease. Although the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is growing exponentially in various imaged-based gastroenterology procedures, there is still a lack of evidence of the AI technical feasibility and clinical applicability of DAE. ⋯ Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the automatic multi-brand panendoscopic detection of ulcers and erosions throughout the digestive tract during DAE, overcoming a relevant interoperability challenge. Our results highlight that using a CNN to detect this type of lesion is associated with high overall accuracy. The development of binary CNN for automatically detecting clinically relevant endoscopic findings and assessing endoscopic inflammatory activity are relevant steps toward AI application in digestive endoscopy, particularly for panendoscopic evaluation.
-
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) commonly develops in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and is a risk factor for poor prognosis. We designed this study to evaluate the performance of several machine learning algorithms for predicting ARDS in TBI patients. Methods: TBI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) database were eligible for this study. ⋯ Several mutual top features in the random forest and AdaBoost were discovered including age, initial systolic blood pressure and heart rate, Abbreviated Injury Score chest, white blood cells, platelets, and international normalized ratio. Conclusions: The random forest and AdaBoost based models have stable and good performance for predicting ARDS in TBI patients. These models could help clinicians to evaluate the risk of ARDS in early stages after TBI and consequently adjust treatment decisions.
-
The role of a barrier membrane is crucial in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for space creation and cell occlusiveness. Those properties of the membrane should be sustained for a sufficient period. For such purpose, several cross-linked collagen membranes were introduced and demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes. ⋯ Moreover, it was histologically found that some newly formed bone was in intimate contact with the membrane. Although the exact mechanism of bone regeneration in the present cases was not clearly elucidated, the cross-linked collagen membrane appeared to contribute to ossification in GBR. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of the present case series.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insertion Torque and Implant Stability of Two Different Implant Macrogeometries in the Initial Periods of Osseointegration.
Objectives: The present study compared two implants with different macrogeometries placed in healed alveolar sites, evaluating the insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at three different periods. Methods: Seventy patients with a total of 100 dental implants were allocated into two groups (n = 50 per group): DuoCone implants (DC group) that included 28 implants in the maxilla and 22 in the mandible, and Maestro implants (MAE group) that included 26 in the maxilla and 24 in the mandible. The ITV was measured during the implant placement, and the ISQ values were measured immediately at implant placement (baseline) and after 30 and 45 days. ⋯ In the DC group, the ISQs ranged between 61.1 ± 3.78 and 69.8 ± 3.86, while the MAE group presented similar values compared with the other group, ranging between 61.9 ± 3.92 and 72.1 ± 2.37. Conclusions: The value of implant insertion torque did not influence the ISQ values measured immediately after implant placement. However, the ITV influenced the ISQ values measured in the two initial periods of osseointegration, with implants installed with lower torques presenting higher ISQ values.
-
Background and Objectives: The risk of bleeding after endoscopic procedures in patients with liver cirrhosis remains unclear because of secondary blood coagulation disorders. In this study, we used various indices to evaluate the risk of bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Patients with liver cirrhosis aged ≥18 years who underwent endoscopic interventions at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong between February 2007 and September 2021 were included. ⋯ Patients with FIB > 3.25 showed a statistically significant bleeding tendency (p = 0.00). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in bleeding risk according to the platelet count, prothrombin time, Child−Pugh score, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Considering the degree of liver fibrosis and the invasiveness of the planned procedure, most endoscopic procedures can be performed safely but should be further evaluated in a cohort with a larger sample size.