Klinická onkologie : casopis Ceské a Slovenské onkologické spolecnosti
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Comparative Study
Efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II versus thoracic paravertebral block for analgesia in breast cancer surgery.
Ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block type II is a recently proposed technique for postoperative analgesia after breast cancer surgery. The thoracic paravertebral block is widely used for this purpose by decades. The presented study compares the efficacy of these two techniques for postoperative analgesia. ⋯ In breast cancer surgery, the pectoral nerve block type II with ropivacaine 0.375% can provide postoperative analgesia that is comparable to the single-level thoracic paravertebral block.
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Immunotherapy blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signalling pathway has become a dominant treatment modality for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the membrane of tumour cells and/or tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) evaluated immunohistochemically is still the only clinically validated predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, but it has its limitations. TIL in the tumour microenviroment was identified as having predictive value. We retrospectively evaluated 134 NSCLC resection specimens, and analysed the association between PD-L1 expression, the presence of TIL, and the degree of desmoplasia in tumours. ⋯ PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is associated with the presence of TIL. Desmoplastic areas in tumours represent immunologically inactive tumour microenviroments. Administration of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, together with agents blocking the TGF-β signalling pathway, represent a promising combinational therapy for patients with desmoplastic NSCLC. The authors declare they have no potential confl cts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 25. 11. 2019 Accepted: 8. 12. 2019.