Klinická onkologie : casopis Ceské a Slovenské onkologické spolecnosti
-
In comparison to malignant tumors of vulva, vagina, cervix and uterine corpus, clear morphologic and molecular genetic features of precursor lesions of ovarian carcinoma have not been defined yet. We can see an effort to describe preinvasive lesions to allow dia-gnostics and treatment prior to development of invasive ovarian cancer. This tendency is magnified by the fact that ovarian carcinomas have the highest mortality from all gynecological malignancies. ⋯ Low grade ovarian serous carcinoma, low grade endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous ovarian cancers and Brenner tumors of ovary are categorized as type I ovarian tumors. Highgrade serous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinomas and malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary (MMMTs) belong to type II tumors. A potential precursor lesion of highgrade serous ovarian cancer has been defined - serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma.
-
Breakthrough cancer pain has been defined as a transitory increase in pain intensity that occurs despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain. More than half of cancer patients with chronic pain suffer by some form of breakthrough cancer pain. ⋯ The principal treatment strategies are optimization of regular analgesic medication combined with effective rescues medication. The new transmucosal forms of fentanyl represent an important improvement in our treatment options.
-
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are tumors arising from chromaffin cells. These tumors produce catecholamines and are typically found with symptoms and signs that may include hypertension (persistent or episodic), palpitations, headache and sweating. So far, 10 different genes have been associated with both tumors and other genes are expected to be detected. ⋯ Patients with SDHB mutations are at high risk to develop malignant disease and unfortunately current therapeutic options for malignant form of disease are poor. Genetic testing plays a key role in the management of these tumors and therefore not only index patients with pheochromocytoma but also relatives should be tested. Management of this disease requires multidisciplinary cooperation and should be performed in the specialized medical centres.
-
Case report - 30 months surviving patient with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib.
-
Preoperative radiotherapy is considered to be standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. The timing and dosage of radiotherapy with or without preoperative chemotherapy remain controversial issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate relevant clinical outcomes of two preoperative radiotherapy regimens - the short-course and -long-course radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. ⋯ Our findings provide convincing evidence that in comparison to preoperative short-course radiotherapy, the preoperative long-course radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy is the most effective treatment modality for patients with operable locally advanced rectal cancer in terms downstaging and pathologic complete response. Increase in overall survival time as well as lower local recurrence rate makes this modality superior to other preoperative radiotherapy alternatives.