Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury caused by esophageal cancer surgery is worrisome but often temporary; it is unclear when and how the paralysis is resolved. Hoarseness of voice from vocal cord paralysis (VCP) can have detrimental effects on postoperative patients. The aims of this study were to clarify the progress of nerve paralysis related to difficulty in talking after surgery and to assess whether hoarseness influences patient quality of life. ⋯ The inability to compensate for aspiration, presenting as severe hoarseness, may be dependent on the preoperative nutritional state of patients along with degree of vocal cord atrophy and a decrease in pulmonary support. Persistent nerve paralysis deteriorates quality of life until it is adequately treated.
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Ten percent of all patients with melanoma present with thick primary tumors (> or = 4 mm or Clark level V). To determine factors associated with outcomes, we performed a retrospective analysis of 120 patients who had definitive primary treatment of their thick cutaneous melanomas at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between January 1986 and April 1995. ⋯ Patients presenting with thick cutaneous melanomas are expected to have more than 50% 5-year survival, and they should not be denied the opportunity for aggressive locoregional management. Thickness, positive nodal status, and ulceration are associated with a higher mortality rate. The fact that patients with local or nodal recurrences fare as poorly as those with overt distant metastases implies that the former events are predictors of subclinical systemic disease.
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Subclavian and axillary vascular injuries are notorious for their mortality and their difficult surgical exposure. In the present study we analyze our experience with 79 patients and describe the techniques used for surgical access to these vessels. ⋯ Subclavian and axillary vascular injuries remain lethal. A clavicular incision provides satisfactory surgical exposure in about half the patients. In patients with proximal injuries addition of a median sternotomy provides adequate surgical access in both right and left subclavian vessels.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the age at presentation of Black-American (Caribbean-American and African-American) and Caucasian breast cancer patients. ⋯ The younger age at presentation of Black-American breast cancer patients ought to be considered while setting screening guidelines for that group of women.