Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyLong-term evaluation of combined prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic pain: pooled analysis of extension phases of two Phase III trials.
While opioids provide effective analgesia, opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can severely impact quality of life and treatment compliance. This pooled analysis evaluated the maintenance of efficacy and safety during long-term treatment with combined oxycodone/naloxone prolonged-release tablets (OXN PR) in adults with moderate-to-severe chronic pain. ⋯ Pooled data demonstrate OXN PR is an effective long-term therapy for patients with chronic non-cancer pain, and can address symptoms of OIC. No new safety issues were observed which were attributable to the long-term administration of OXN PR.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialAre there sex differences in placebo analgesia during visceral pain processing? A fMRI study in healthy subjects.
We explored sex differences in the neural mechanisms mediating placebo analgesia in an established visceral pain model involving painful rectal distensions in healthy volunteers. ⋯ Our data provide first evidence supporting sex differences in pain-induced neural modulation during visceral placebo analgesia despite similar placebo-induced reductions in perceived pain intensity. These preliminary findings might contribute to elucidating mechanisms mediating placebo effects in clinical conditions associated with chronic abdominal pain such as in irritable bowel syndrome.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Dec 2014
Validating biomarkers of treatable mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome.
A valid biomarker is 'an indicator of normal biologic or pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention'. There is no validated biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of the study was to assess ability of three quantitative traits to identify treatable processes to discriminate between IBS-diarrhea (IBS-D) patients, IBS-constipation (IBS-C) patients and healthy volunteers (HV). ⋯ Colonic transit and fecal BA individually and together constitute useful biomarkers to identify treatable mechanisms in IBS and to differentiate subgroups of IBS.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Dec 2014
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and prebiotic prevent neonatal inflammation-induced visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats.
Increasing evidence indicates a positive effect of probiotics on the nervous system. The objective of this study was to determine if probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and/or prebiotics polydextrose/galactooligosaccharide (PDX/GOS) can alter the colonic sensitivity in a neonatal rat model of chronic visceral hyperalgesia and to determine whether altered sensitivity is associated with changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain. ⋯ Results document that in rats LGG can attenuate neonatally induced chronic visceral pain measured in adulthood. Prolonged intake of LGG alters some key brain neurotransmitters and biogenic amines that could be involved in pain modulation.