Canadian respiratory journal : journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society
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Transbronchial lung biopsy results are crucial for the management of lung transplant recipients. Little information is available regarding the reliability and reproducibility of the interpretation of transbronchial lung biopsies. ⋯ Because the agreement between expert pathologists is only modest, optimum clinical decision-making requires that transbronchial lung biopsy results be used in an integrated clinical context.
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Biography Historical Article
The introduction of oxygen for pneumonia as seen through the writings of two McGill University professors, William Osler and Jonathan Meakins.
Oxygen was identified at the end of the 18th century by three independent researchers. It was first used indiscriminately with other gases for treatment of pulmonary diseases by Thomas Beddoes. In the 19th century, the physiological properties of oxygen were identified by many researchers. ⋯ Meakins applied the lessons he learned from studying the hypoxemia that resulted from poison gas in World War I to pneumonia. He confirmed that patients with severe pneumonia were hypoxemic and that many of their symptoms appeared to be relieved by inhalation of oxygen. Oxygen then became the standard therapy for pneumonia.