Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
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Review Case Reports
Idiopathic intradural dorsal thoracic arachnoid cysts: A case series and review of the literature.
Spinal intradural arachnoid cysts (SIAC) are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled sacs formed by arachnoid membranes and may be either idiopathic or acquired. Idiopathic cysts represent a separate entity and their aetiology remains uncertain. By far the most difficult differential diagnosis is distinguishing between idiopathic anterior spinal cord herniation (IASCH) and dorsal thoracic intradural arachnoid cysts (TIAC), due to their similarity in radiological appearance. Cine-mode (SSFP) is emerging as a novel technique in the diagnosis and operative planning of SIAC. ⋯ While there are circumstances in which the distinction between dorsal thoracic intradural arachnoid cysts and idiopathic anterior spinal cord herniation are radiologically obvious, in cases where the appearances are less clear, cine-mode SSFP MRI imaging can provide an invaluable tool to differentiate these pathologies and lead the clinician towards the correct diagnosis and management. The mainstay of surgical management for dorsal TIACs is laminectomy and cyst excision or fenestration. Surgery for gait ataxia should be aimed towards preventing deterioration, while maintaining the potential for symptomatic improvement, whereas surgery for radicular pain should be curative.
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The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of reoperation for surgical site infections (SSI) among patients whose lumbar, closed wound suction drains were removed in the inpatient setting prior to hospital discharge (pre-discharge cohort) versus after inpatient discharge during the first follow up visit (post-discharge cohort). All patients who were admitted for first-time, posterolateral decompression and fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution. In order to eliminate biases, neither the pre-discharge nor post-discharge cohorts experienced any intra-/postoperative sentinel events other than the primary outcome measure: reoperation for SSI. ⋯ Although time to drain discontinuation was expectedly longer in the post-discharge versus pre-discharge cohorts, the incidences of reoperation for SSI did not significantly differ. Neither time to drain removal nor setting of drain removal predicted reoperation for SSI. These results suggest that patients may be safely discharged from the hospital with the surgical drain in place.
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Secondary brain injury is the main cause of mortality from traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hallmark of TBI is intracranial hemorrhage, which occurs in 40-50% of severe TBI cases. Early identification of intracranial hematomas in TBI patients allows early surgical evacuation, and can reduce the case-fatality rate of TBI. Since pre-hospital care is the weakest part of Chinese emergency care, there is an urgent need for a capability to detect brain hematomas early. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the performance of a near infrared (NIR) based, device to screen for traumatic intracranial hematomas in Chinese population. ⋯ These results confirm in Chinese population the results of previous studies that demonstrated a NIR based device can reliably screen for intracranial hematomas that are likely to be of clinical importance.
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Case Reports
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with sub-arachnoid haemorrhage after bevacizumab and 5-FU.
PRES is a neurological syndrome characterised by reversible subcortical vasogenic brain oedema in patients with acute neurological signs and symptoms. It occurs in the context of fluctuations in blood pressure, renal failure, autoimmune disorders, eclamptic syndromes and with use of cytotoxic drugs. We present the case of a 60year old female with advanced bowel cancer who was admitted with seizures and sub-arachnoid haemorrhage, with radiographic features of PRES, shortly after receiving bevacizumab (Avastin), a VEGF-inhibitor.