British journal of cancer
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British journal of cancer · Jul 1984
Oral contraceptive use and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
The relation between the use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Milan on 209 women below the age of 60 with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer, and 418 age-matched controls with a spectrum of acute conditions apparently unrelated to OC use. Combination oral contraceptives were used by 18 (9%) cases, and 59 (14%) controls, giving a relative risk estimate of 0.6 (95% confidence interval = 0.3-1.0, P less than 0.05). ⋯ These results were not accounted for by parity, infertility, or other identified potential confounding factors. Thus, the findings of the present study add further support to the evidence emerging from American data of a reduction of approximately 40% in the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among women who had used oral contraceptives.
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British journal of cancer · Feb 1984
The effect of phenytoin, phenobarbitone, dexamethasone and flurbiprofen on misonidazole neurotoxicity in mice.
Using a quantitative cytochemical technique for measuring beta-glucuronidase activity in the peripheral nerves of mice, we have investigated the effectiveness of four potential adjuncts for reducing the dose limiting neurotoxicity of misonidazole (MISO) in the clinic. Under the conditions used, the most effective adjunct was the steroid anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone. When given over the week previous to MISO treatment, this agent almost completely eliminated the MISO neurotoxicity as determined at week 4 after commencement of MISO dosing. ⋯ Dexamethasone, phenytoin and phenobarbitone all reduced the clearance half-life of MISO and hence the drug exposure dose calculated as the area under the curve of MISO tissue concentration against time. However, no correlation was evident with these parameters and MISO neurotoxicity in the mouse. Dexamethasone, whilst affording protection against MISO toxicity, did not alter the radiosensitivity of the anaplastic MT tumour.
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British journal of cancer · Jan 1984
Second primary cancers of the breast: incidence and risk factors.
Between 1946 and 1976 over 9,000 women with breast cancer were seen within one year of diagnosis at the A. Maxwell Evans Clinic (AMEC) in Vancouver, British Columbia. By 1978, 275 had a subsequent diagnosis of a second primary in the contralateral breast: 100 were diagnosed within 1 year, and 175 after 1 year of the first primary. ⋯ The average annual incidence rates for a second primary in the contralateral breast were 5.0, 4.1 and 3.0 per 1,000 women for women less than 45 years, 45-54 years, and over 55 years of age at diagnosis of first primary breast cancer, respectively. These rates remained stable for at least 15 years after the diagnosis of the first primary. Two risk factors were found for bilateral cancer within 1 year of the first primary, histologic diagnosis of lobular carcinoma and absence of pathologic involvement of axillary nodes; one risk factor was found for bilateral breast cancer after 1 year of the first primary, family history of breast cancer.
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British journal of cancer · Jun 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA phase I study of misonidazole and pelvic irradiation in patients with carcinoma of cervix.
A Phase I study of oral daily misonidazole (MISO) with conventional pelvic irradiation, has been conducted in patients with carcinoma of the cervix Stages IB, IIB, IIIB and IVA. MISO was administered in daily dosages to sequential groups of patients at doses of 0.15 g/m2, 0.30 g/m2 or 0.45 g/m2 for 22 days over 5 weeks. Sixteen patients were assigned to each dose level. ⋯ Although peak plasma MISO levels and half-lives did not correlate significantly with PN, there was a significant correlation between the calculated "area under the curve" (AUC) and PN. No correlation exists between PN and total urinary excretion of MISO or the O-demethylation product. A daily dose of 0.45 g/m2; MISO (total dose less than or equal to 9.9 g/m2) is considered to produce an acceptable level of toxicity for this patient population.
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British journal of cancer · Apr 1981
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy for grade 3 and 4 cerebral astrocytoma.
The results are reported of a small clinical trial carried out to assess the potential value of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole in the radiation treatment of Grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas. A total of 55 patients were randomly allocated to one of 3 treatment groups. No significant differences were seen between the median survivals of patients in the 2 control radiation groups and that of the third group in which oral misonidazole at a dose of 3 g/m2 preceded each of 4 weekly radiation doses. Possible reasons why no improvement was seen are discussed in detail.