QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians
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There has been significant media interest in the use of novel psychoactive substances (also known as 'legal highs') and reports in the medical literature of toxicity associated with their use. However, most surveys of recreational drug use focus on classical drugs such as cocaine and ecstasy, and there is limited information on how commonly emerging novel psychoactive substances are used. ⋯ Although a significant proportion of individuals report previous use of novel psychoactive substances, it seems that only mephedrone has become an established part of the recreational drug scene. It is important that there is a considered approach to determining the utilization of drug prevention/education and enforcement budgets to ensure that this is appropriately targeted to drugs that are used recreationally.
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Meta Analysis
Adjusted indirect comparison of new oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
Vit-K antagonists are the therapy of choice to prevent thromboembolic events due to atrial fibrillation since many years. New oral anticoagulants (NOA) showed encouraging results vs. warfarin but there are no data directly comparing different NOA. We performed an adjusted indirect meta-analysis. ⋯ Overall superiority of NOA over warfarin is largely influenced by the reduction of HS. Dabigatran 150 mg/twice daily seems to have the best risk/benefit profile.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related lung disease, the cause of which is not been fully understood. IPF is a devastating disease with mortality worse than many cancers, and treatment options are limited. IPF is thought to occur after recurrent injury to the alveolar epithelium followed by abnormal repair characterized by the formation of fibroblast and myofibroblast foci and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. ⋯ On the whole, these have disappointed. Improvements in molecular techniques have developed our understanding of IPF and with it identified new pathways and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. These insights are leading to interest in biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis and to novel anti-fibrotic agents and a more targeted approach to the treatment of IPF.