Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
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The second half of the 20th century saw not only important developments in medical science and technology, but also a rapid growth in the application of biomedical ethics in medical decision making. Withdrawal of treatment, allowing to die, informed consent, and patient autonomy are concerns that now comprise a part of the overall medical treatment, particularly in patients with head and neck cancers. ⋯ Bioethical decision making requires the integration of virtues with principles, followed by the application of these standards to each patient.