JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Dec 2023
Dental Caries on Deciduous Molars among Children Visiting Dental Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre.
Dental caries is one of the most common, yet preventable childhood diseases. The aetiology of dental caries lies in the interplay between host, microorganism, substrate, and time. Risk factors for dental caries include physical, biological, environmental, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors such as high numbers of cariogenic bacteria, inadequate salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, poor oral hygiene, inappropriate methods of feeding infants, and poverty. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of dental caries on deciduous molars among children visiting dental Outpatient Department of a tertiary care centre. ⋯ children; dental caries; molars; prevalence.
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Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy is a rare clinical condition which is a potentially dangerous condition where at least two pregnancies are present simultaneously at different implantation sites and only one is located in the intrauterine cavity. It is a life-threatening condition with an incidence estimated as 1 in 30,000 natural conceptions. Being rare it's challenging to diagnose such conditions due to complex clinical and laboratory findings. In view of the survival of maternal as well as intrauterine pregnancy, a high index of suspicion leading to timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention is needed. We are reporting a case of a 28-year-old female with heterotopic pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation following natural conception diagnosed by ultrasound and managed successfully by laparoscopic salpingectomy. Intrauterine pregnancy was continued normally till term with no complications. Hence, with timely diagnosis and early intervention, maternal and fetal survival is possible. ⋯ case reports; ectopic pregnancy; laparoscopy; ultrasound.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Dec 2023
Mean Intracranial Volume of Brain among Patients with Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging of a Tertiary Care Centre.
The measurement of brain volume is an important aspect of the assessment of brain structure and function. However, limited data is available on brain volumetry in the Nepalese population. The study aimed to find the mean intracranial volume of the brain among patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging of a tertiary care centre. ⋯ brainstem; cerebellum; cerebrum; magnetic resonance imaging.
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The pubic symphysis is a midline, non-synovial joint connecting the right and left superior pubic rami. The joint allows very limited movement of approximately 0.5-1 mm. Under hormonal stimulation during pregnancy, the widening of the symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joints occurs. Pubic symphysis diastasis is defined as the widening of the pubic joint of >10 mm. It is a rare complication of vaginal childbirth for which no gold standard treatment has been defined. Most cases are treated conservatively. A case of pubic diastasis in a 24-year-old G5P2A2L1 following vaginal delivery is reported. Management consisted of simple conservative treatment, which was sufficient in achieving symptomatic relief. ⋯ case reports; pelvic pain; pubic symphysis diastasis.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Dec 2023
Ocular Trauma among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre.
Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity worldwide. Knowledge of the cause of eye injuries can guide preventive strategies and optimize management capacity. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of ocular trauma among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ blunt injuries; injury; ophthalmology; prevalence.