JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2023
Hypothyroidism among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Visiting Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Diabetes-thyroid relationship is said to be bidirectional. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus increase free thyroxine but decrease free tri-iodothyronine and thyroid-releasing hormone synthesis. Thyroid dysfunction may in turn impose an adverse effect on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Undetected thyroid dysfunction can worsen glycemic control and predispose type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to cardiovascular and other diabetes-related complications. Recognition and timely treatment of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients can delay diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among type 2 diabetic patients visiting the outpatient Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre. ⋯ chronic kidney disease; thyroid stimulating hormone; thyroxine; triiodothyronine.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2023
Polycythemia among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventable and treatable disease marked by persistent airflow limitation. Abnormal rise of haemoglobin and/or hematocrit in peripheral blood is known as polycythemia which includes increased haemoglobin: greater than 16.5 g/dl in men or greater than 16.0 g/dl in women and increased hematocrit: >49% for men and >48% for women. Men, current smoking, impaired carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, severe hypoxemia, and high altitude living are risk factors associated with an increased risk for secondary polycythemia. Polycythemia contributes to the development of cor-pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension, which are linked to poor prognosis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of polycythemia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the department of medicine in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; polycythemia; prevalence.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2023
Gynaecoid Pelvis among Female Patients Attending Department of Radiology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
The bony pelvis consists of the two hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx. The bony pelvis is divided into the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis. The junction between the greater and the lesser pelvis is the pelvic inlet. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the pelvic inlet will classify the pelvis as the anthropoid, gynaecoid, android, and platypelloid pelvis. Knowledge of female pelvis type is important for obstetricians to know the process of labour which can decrease the morbidity and mortality of mothers and neonates. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of gynaecoid pelvis among female patients attending the Department of Radiology of a tertiary care centre. ⋯ female; pelvis; radiology.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2023
Case ReportsOmphalocele, Exstrophy of Cloaca, Imperforate Anus, and Spinal Defects Complex: A Case Report.
Omphalocele, exstrophy of cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex is a rare malformation complex that includes omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defects with the incidence of 1 in 200,000 to 400,000 pregnancies and is even rarer in twin gestation. The etiology of this complex is still unclear. Most cases are sporadic. Prenatal screening must be done for diagnosis and appropriate multidisciplinary management of cases. In severe cases, termination of pregnancy is considered. We present a 4-day first twin child with underdeveloped ambiguous genitalia delivered via emergency lower section cesarean section at 32+3 weeks of gestation with giant liver containing omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, imperforate anus and meningocele with severe pulmonary artery hypertension and non-visualization of right kidney and ureter, absence of uterus, fallopian tubes and right ovary. Separation and repair of the cecum and bladder were done. The ladd procedure was performed. Ileostomy was created and single-stage repair of the abdominal wall was done. ⋯ anorectal malformations; bladder exstrophy; case reports; neural tube defects; umbilicus.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2023
Retinopathy of Prematurity among Preterm Newborn Admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
World Health Organization has identified retinopathy of prematurity as an important cause of preventable childhood blindness. The presentation of retinopathy of prematurity is varied and differs in the developed and developing worlds. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity among preterm newborn admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ blood transfusion; low birth weight; oxygen; preterm births; retinopathy of prematurity.