International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
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Varicocele is the most common treatable cause of male infertility and is associated with progressive decline in testicular function. Varicocelectomy, a commonly performed operation, is indicated in infertile males with varicoceles who have oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratospermia or a combination of these factors. It is not clear if varicocelectomy is indicated if the patients have normal sperm density associated with asthenospermia or teratospermia. ⋯ No significant improvement in semen parameters may be obtained in patients with clinical varicocele and preoperative normospermia. It is possible that only patients with preoperative oligospermia may benefit from varicocelectomy. Larger multi-institutional studies are needed to determine more definitively if asthenospermia or teratospermia in normospermic subfertile males with clinical varicoceles are in fact indications for varicocelectomy.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Direct comparison between transrectal and transperineal extended prostate biopsy for the detection of cancer.
To establish whether extended transrectal (TR) and extended transperineal (TP) biopsies are equivalent in detecting prostate cancer. ⋯ We demonstrated for the first time that extended TP biopsy is as effective as its TR counterpart in detecting cancer and the characteristics of detected cancers, as far as sampling sites are selected to maximize the cancer detection rate.