International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
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For developing the Japanese guideline for the prevention of health care-associated infection in urological practice, we surveyed the literature including standard precautions, environmental considerations in both the inpatient and outpatient settings, the management of urinary catheters, endoscopy techniques, and the disinfection and sterilization of instruments used in endoscopies and related procedures. The concept of this guideline is to show the minimum precautions that urologists and other medical professionals should observe when they work in the urological field. Standard precautions based on hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment should be observed in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. ⋯ Regarding the handling of urine containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, airborne infection countermeasures are unnecessary, except for the laboratory personnel. For the procedures using urological endoscopes, aseptic techniques are recommended. Endoscopes and related devices should be used by sterilization or high-level disinfection, but formaldehyde gas cannot be used.
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To investigate how hyaluronic acid (HA) affects nerve growth factor (NGF) production and bladder overactivity in a cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis rat model. ⋯ Present findings raise the possibility that HA could be an effective treatment for CYP-related bladder overactivity through the involvement of NGF signaling.