International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
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The objective of this study was to assess disease-associated pain and quality of life (QOL) in patients with prostate cancer (PC). A total of 102 PC patients (clinical stage B, C: 20, D2: 82) patients were enrolled. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, General and Prostate (FACT-G/P). ⋯ Ten patients under morphine analgesics maintained better QOL in almost all domains, compared with the seven patients without any painkillers. Combined use of FACT and pain scales enhances the objective assessment of QOL and pain status in PC patients. Control of disease-associated pain is crucial to improving QOL in stage D2 PC patients.
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The most recent epidemiological survey revealed that the mortality rate for prostate cancer in Japan has increased and has been getting very close to that in the USA, where it has decreased since 1992. The low exposure rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in Japan and the high exposure rate of PSA screening in the USA may result in completely deferent trends in the mortality rate of prostate cancer between the two countries. ⋯ The fact sheet on screening for prostate cancer should indicate the most recent reliable clinical research on screening for prostate cancer and its demerits including false-negative and false-positive PSA test results and prostate biopsy, overdetection and overtreatment. However, it should be explained to the public that the demerits for PSA screening will be clarified step by step during screening, and in general, men having more information on screening results (PSA level, pathological findings of biopsy specimens, clinical stage, etc.) can understand their current situation better than those having no information on screening results, including PSA levels.
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Review Meta Analysis
The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the era of molecular targeted therapy.
While the widespread use of imaging has resulted in an increasing number of incidentally detected renal cancers, up to one third of patients present with metastatic disease and a significant number of those with clinically localized disease subsequently develop metastasis. The prognosis for patients with metastatic disease has traditionally been poor, with a 2-year survival of only 10 to 20%. ⋯ Meanwhile, the recent introduction of molecular targeted agents has resulted in improved response rates and tolerability compared with immunotherapy, and has prompted a re-evaluation of the role and timing of surgery in patients with advanced disease. This review examines the role of surgical therapy for patients with metastatic disease in the new era of molecular targeted therapy.
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To compare perioperative outcome of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and to identify selection criteria for each approach. ⋯ Retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches yielded excellent surgical outcomes. The transperitoneal approach should be chosen based on tumor size and location to minimize vascular injury.