International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
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The prevalence of genitourinary cancers has been increasing rapidly worldwide over the past 10 years. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved the oncological outcomes of patients with genitourinary cancer. However, the precise mechanisms of cancer development are largely unknown. ⋯ However, emerging evidence suggests that various protein phosphatases are involved in genitourinary cancer development and have potential for cancer treatment. In the present review, we focus on recent progress in protein phosphatases regarding genitourinary cancers. We also explore the development of new strategies for cancer therapy using protein phosphatase and related molecules.
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Case Reports
Pudendal neuralgia after pelvic surgery using mesh: Case reports and laparoscopic pudendal nerve decompression.
Persistent pain after vaginal mesh surgery is a rare and agonizing entity that has devastating consequences for the patient's quality of life. Many etiologies have been blamed including nerve injuries and entrapments. ⋯ In this article, we present two cases of postoperative pelvic pain thought to be secondary to injury or mechanical distortion of the pudendal nerve after rectocele repair using mesh and tension-free vaginal tape sling. In cases of failed conservative treatment and of mesh removal surgery, laparoscopic pudendal nerve decompression and omental flap wrapping operation can be a treatment option for pudendal neuralgia.
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To clarify the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy. ⋯ The incidence of acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy is relatively high, although most cases are low grade and can be resolved. We should be aware of the risk for postoperative acute kidney injury, especially in patients who have comorbid hypertension, impaired renal function and received naoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel failure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 bridging study.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate-prednisone versus placebo-prednisone in Asian metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who have failed docetaxel-based chemotherapy. ⋯ Abiraterone-prednisone significantly delays disease and pain progression, and prostate-specific antigen, with a favorable benefit-risk ratio in Asian metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients in the post-docetaxel setting.
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Since 1941, androgen deprivation therapy has been the primary treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy consists of several regimens that vary according to therapeutic modality, as well as treatment schedule. Androgen deprivation therapy initially shows excellent antitumor effects, such as relief of cancer-related symptoms, tumor marker decline and tumor shrinking. ⋯ Recently, upfront docetaxel chemotherapy has been shown to prolong overall survival in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, and would lead to a paradigm shift in primary pharmacotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. This raises the possibility of upfront use of taxanes, as well as novel androgen receptor-targeting agents combined with androgen deprivation therapy. The present review summarizes the current status of primary pharmacotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, and discusses future perspectives in this field.