Environmental science and pollution research international
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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · May 2019
Dynamic linkages among CO2 emissions, health expenditures, and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan.
The linkage between high concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change is well recognized as there is severe influence of climate change on public health. Carbon dioxide is most prominent GHG which deteriorates the environment and impacts human health. On the parallel, economic growth also affects health conditions sometimes positively or vice versa. ⋯ The bidirectional causal relationship is also investigated between carbon emissions and growth as well as gross fixed capital formation and growth. Then, policy recommendations towards controlling pollution, particularly CO2 emissions and health expenditures without compromising economic growth are suggested. Graphical abstract .