European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine
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The debate on whether midshaft clavicular fractures should preferably be treated operatively or nonoperatively still continues. Several patient-related factors may influence this treatment decision. A retrospective study was carried out to determine the relation between fracture type and trauma mechanism, age and sex, and the influence of these factors on the choice of primary treatment. ⋯ Age has a major influence on the fracture type, whereas the trauma mechanism does not. The choice for the surgical treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures is primarily determined by the amount of axial shortening of the clavicle, rather than by the overall displacement or fracture type. Over the years, the choice of treatment seems to have been increasingly influenced by the patient's and surgeon's preferences.
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User surveys show that there have been significant changes over the last decade in the recreational drugs that are available and being used. This study aims to determine whether there have been similar trends in the drug(s) used by individuals presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute recreational drug toxicity. ⋯ Data collection on the drug(s) used in individuals presenting to specialist clinical toxicology centres and/or sentinel EDs across Europe with acute recreational drug toxicity would help to determine the true pattern(s) of drug use and the acute harm associated with this use across Europe and trends over time.