Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
-
Anemia prevalence time trends and disparities in the US population: examination of NHANES 1999-2020.
While a rising prevalence of anemia in the United States was reported in older studies, recent data are lacking. To estimate the prevalence and time trends of anemia in the United States and to examine how these estimates differ by gender, age, race, and household income to poverty threshold ratio (HIPR), we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2020. The presence of anemia was determined using the World Health Organization criteria. ⋯ Gender modified the relationship between anemia and race; when compared to their male counterparts, Black, Hispanic, and other women had higher anemia prevalence than White women (all interaction p values <0.05). The anemia prevalence in the United States has risen from 1999 to 2020 and remains high among the elderly, minorities, and women. The difference in anemia prevalence between men and women is larger in non-Whites.
-
Creatine kinase (CK), the key enzyme in regulating energy metabolism, is demonstrated to be correlated with insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a risk factor for developing low muscle mass. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether serum CK is associated with low muscle mass in T2DM patients. ⋯ Linear regression analysis showed that SMI was correlated with age, BMI, DBP, and CK in female subjects. In addition, CK was correlated with BMI and fasting plasma glucose in male and female T2DM groups. CK is inversely correlated with low muscle mass in T2DM patients.
-
Sleep, accounting for roughly one-third of a person's life, plays an important role in human health. Despite the close association between sleep patterns and medical diseases proven by several studies, it has been neglected in recent years. Presently, all societies are facing the most challenging health-threatening disease, cancer. ⋯ Previous studies have shown that disruption of the 24-h sleep-wake cycle increases the chance of colorectal cancer, which can be due to exposure to artificial light at night and some complex genetic and hormone-mediated mechanisms. There has also been some evidence showing the possible associations between other aspects of sleep such as sleep duration or some sleep disorders and GI cancer risk. This review brings some information together and presents a detailed discussion of the possible role of sleep patterns in GI malignancy initiation.
-
Diabetes is an endocrine disorder which is known by abnormal high blood glucose levels. There are two main categories of diabetes: type I (10%-15%) and type II (85%-90%). Although type II is more common, type I is the most common form in children. ⋯ For writing this manuscript, we made a list of relevant keywords including diabetes, DR, pathophysiology, ultrawide field imaging, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography-angiography, and then we started searching for studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This review article covers the pathophysiology of DR and medical imaging techniques to monitor DR. First, we introduce DR and its pathophysiology and then we present the medical imaging techniques to monitor it.
-
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to an elevated risk of leukemia. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress in leukemia patients. This work was conducted on 109 patients with leukemia and 109 healthy controls. ⋯ In contrast, MDA, NO, and PC concentrations were higher in leukemia patients than in the controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the serum level of 4,4-DDE was negatively associated with GPx activity (p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that OCs may play a role in the development of leukemia by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance.