Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals
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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann · Feb 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyTopical and low-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in cyanotic cardiac surgery.
Background Coagulopathy is a major problem in surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Tranexamic acid has been used both topically and systemically and plays a vital role in pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing blood loss and blood product requirement. We aimed to determine the anti-fibrinolytic effectiveness of low-dose systemic or topical tranexamic acid or a combination of both. ⋯ No patient died and none had a seizure or other neurological event or thromboembolic complication postoperatively. Conclusion The combination of low-dose intravenous and topical tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood product requirement without incurring neurological, renal or thromboembolic complications. We recommend the routine use of topical and low-dose systemic tranexamic acid in cyanotic pediatric cardiac surgery.
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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann · Feb 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyOff-pump grafting does not reduce postoperative pulmonary dysfunction.
Objectives Pulmonary dysfunction is a recognized postoperative complication that may be linked to use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The off-pump technique of coronary artery bypass aims to avoid some of the complications that may be related to cardiopulmonary bypass. In this study, we compared the influence of on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass on pulmonary gas exchange following routine surgery. ⋯ Results Baseline preoperative arterial blood gases and alveolar/arterial oxygen pressure gradients were similar in both groups. At both postoperative stages, the partial pressure of arterial oxygen and alveolar/arterial oxygen pressure gradients increased with increasing fraction of inspired oxygen, but there were no statistically significant differences between patients who underwent surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, either during ventilation or after extubation. Conclusions Off-pump surgery is not associated with superior pulmonary gas exchange in the early postoperative period following routine coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with good left ventricular function and no preexisting lung disease.
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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann · Feb 2017
Change of coagulation after NovoSeven® use for bleeding during cardiac surgery.
Objectives Recombinant activated factor VII has been used for the treatment of hemophilia, factor VII deficiency, and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Off-label uses have recently been increasing, and there are reports that recombinant activated factor VII is effective for the treatment of excessive bleeding during or after cardiovascular surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness of recombinant activated factor VII and its influence on the coagulation system as a treatment for uncontrollable bleeding during cardiovascular surgery. ⋯ Conclusions Recombinant activated factor VII has a strong hemostatic action, but it is necessary to exclude surgical bleeding to exhibit the hemostatic effect. Administration that does not comply with the indications for recombinant activated factor VII may lead to serious complications such as thromboembolism. In properly selected patients, recombinant activated factor VII is an effective agent for the treatment of uncontrollable bleeding during cardiovascular surgery.
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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann · Jan 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialAdditional effects of topical tranexamic acid in on-pump cardiac surgery.
Objective Postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery is commonly associated with hyperfibrinolysis. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in addition to intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding in cardiac surgery cases. Methods From July 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015, 82 patients who underwent elective on-pump cardiac surgery were randomized into a tranexamic acid group and a placebo group. ⋯ There were no serious complications. Conclusions Topical tranexamic acid is safe but it adds no additional efficacy to the intravenous application in reducing postoperative blood loss. Intravenous tranexamic acid administration alone is sufficient antifibrinolytic treatment to enhance the hemostatic effects during on-pump cardiac surgery.
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Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann · Jan 2017
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Background Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement can experience severe perioperative complications leading to hemodynamic instability and death. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used to provide cardiorespiratory support during this time. Methods From 2012 to 2015, of 247 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 6 (2.42%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. ⋯ There were 2 hospital deaths in patients whose hospital course was complicated by left ventricular wall rupture or aortic annulus rupture with resulting tamponade. Among the 4 survivors, one required continuous ventilator support following discharge, and 3 experienced no major complications during the first month after discharge. Conclusions Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be considered a viable option for high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement and those who develop cardiac complications following this procedure and require cardiorespiratory support.