Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
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A sulfur mustard (SM)-induced cutaneous injury model was developed in weanling swine to evaluate the efficacy of candidate treatment regimens. Lesions were assessed clinically and histopathologically. Histopathologic evaluation of lesions was a subjective and invasive assessment. Biomechanical engineering methods offer an objective and less invasive method to evaluate lesions. The purpose of this study was to use biomechanical engineering instruments to assess SM-induced lesions for depth of injury and to correlate those assessments with histopathology. ⋯ There was mixed evidence that the bioengineering techniques tested could differentiate between controls, 2-min (partial-thickness) cutaneous injuries and 30-min (full-thickness) cutaneous injuries at day 2. Both biomechanical and histopathologic assessments are useful methods of characterizing SM lesions in the weanling pig model. Biomechanical methods are non-invasive and quantitative, and multiple readings over shorter and longer periods of time may improve differentiation in depth of injury. Histopathologic assessments are important for confirmation of lesion depth and severity, and for assisting interpretation when a single assessment using bioengineering methods is used.
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Comparative Study
Long-term evaluation of erythema and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet radiations of different wavelengths.
Although multiple studies have been reported about the biological effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiations, the comparative and long-term reactions of human skin by several different UV-wavebands were not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate a time course of erythema and pigmentation induced by UVA 1, broad-band UVA (BBUVA), narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) and broad-band UVB (BBUVB). ⋯ Two MED of UVA produced far prolonged erythema and pigmentation than UVB. For UVA, UVA 1 and BBUVA showed similar intensity and time course of skin reaction. For UVB, erythema and pigmentation produced by NBUVB were milder in intensity and shorter in time course than those by BBUVB. These results would provide standard data on time courses and intensity of skin color changes by different UV wavelengths.
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The regional differences in acrylic adhesive tape stripping of human skin were evaluated. ⋯ The regional difference in dermal peeling force of the permeable tape was large and that of the occlusive tape was small. The dermal peeling force of the permeable tape was high in the order of the palm, sole, cheek and forearm and individual differences among subjects in dermal peeling force of tape applied to the palm was large. The regional difference in dermal peeling force was considered to be related to fluid accumulation beneath the applied tape and the amount of stripped corneocytes. On the other hand, that the dermal peeling force of the occlusive tape was low and the regional difference was small may have been caused by fluid accumulation from the skin beneath the applied tape on all regions.
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Clinical Trial
Effect of dermal thickness, tissue composition, and body site on skin biomechanical properties.
Quantitative measurement of skin biomechanical properties has been used effectively in the investigation of physiological changes in tissue structure and function and to determine treatment efficacy. As the methods are applied to new questions, tissue characteristics that may influence the resultant biomechanical properties are important considerations in the research design. For certain applications, variables such as dermal thickness and subdermal tissue composition, as well as age and/or solar exposure, may influence the skin biomechanics. ⋯ Significant regional variations in biomechanical properties and dominant side effects were observed. The biomechanical properties were significantly influenced by age. Certain properties varied with dermal thickness and tissue composition. The parameters were well correlated between the two instruments. The Cutometer, with its smaller aperture, was found to be more sensitive to age relationships.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
High-resolution ultrasound reflex transmission imaging and digital photography: potential tools for the quantitative assessment of pigmented lesions.
High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) is a relatively cheap imaging method that shows small quantitative differences between benign naevi and melanoma. Previous studies using B-mode display suggest that these arise from their differing attenuating properties. Attenuation characteristics, however, are better evaluated using reflex transmission imaging (RTI). White light clinical (WLC) photography is an even cheaper imaging method that is routinely used for monitoring but less frequently in everyday diagnosis. As features from each method may have an independent origin, two such modalities may be of greater diagnostic value than either method alone. However, although quantitative analysis of digital photographs is being developed to aid tumour diagnosis, in vivo RTI for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions has not previously been described. This paper presents the feasibility of performing RTI in vivo and evaluates the reliability of the objective features used. The potential of the combination of quantitative RTI and white light (WL) digital photography data for the classification of pigmented lesions was assessed. ⋯ Pigmented skin lesions can be quantitatively defined from RTI data acquired in vivo and a significant difference in attenuation is shown. However, accurate registration of the RT image with a corresponding photograph was crucial for this purpose and only possible when corresponding points could be reliably identified on both images. Combination of features from ultrasound and optical images may synergistically improve diagnostic accuracy and a larger study is warranted to investigate this.