Current opinion in critical care
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Aug 2019
ReviewFeeding should be individualized in the critically ill patients.
Any critical care therapy requires individual adaptation, despite standardization of the concepts supporting them. Among these therapies, nutrition care has been repeatedly shown to influence clinical outcome. Individualized feeding is the next needed step towards optimal global critical care. ⋯ Although energy expenditure can now be measured, we miss indicators of early endogenous energy production and of protein needs. A pragmatic ramping up of extrinsic energy provision by nutrition support reduces the risk of overfeeding-related adverse effects.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Aug 2019
Review Meta AnalysisTranslating the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 guidelines into practice.
To present a pragmatic approach to facilitate clinician's implementing the recent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. ⋯ A pragmatic approach to incorporate the recent ESPEN guidelines into everyday clinical practice is provided.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Aug 2019
ReviewIntermittent or continuous feeding: any difference during the first week?
To balance theoretical pros and cons of intermittent feeding, in light of the current nutritional management early during critical illness. ⋯ Benefits of intermittent feeding in the ICU are today speculative, yet its potential impact may reach far beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Only adequately powered RCTs, evaluating both gastrointestinal tolerance, metabolic impact and patient-centered effects of intermittent feeding will allow to adopt or abort this nutritional strategy.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Aug 2019
ReviewInotropes and vasopressors use in cardiogenic shock: when, which and how much?
Data and interventional trials regarding vasopressor and inotrope use during cardiogenic shock are scarce. Their use is limited by their side-effects and the lack of solid evidence regarding their effectiveness in improving outcomes. In this article, we review the current use of vasopressor and inotrope agents during cardiogenic shock. ⋯ When blood pressure needs to be restored, norepinephrine is a reasonable first-line agent. Dobutamine is the first-line inotrope agent wheraes levosimendan can be used as a second-line agent or preferentially in patients previously treated with beta-blockers. Current information regarding comparative effective outcomes is nonetheless sparse and their use should be limited as a temporary bridge to recovery, mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Aug 2019
ReviewEnteral vs. parenteral nutrition in septic shock: are they equivalent?
The current review focuses on recent clinical evidence and updated guideline recommendations on the effects of enteral vs. parenteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients with (septic) shock. ⋯ The strong paradigm of favoring the enteral over the parenteral route in critically ill patients has been challenged. As a consequence, updated guidelines recommend withholding enteral nutrition in patients with uncontrolled shock. It is still unclear, however, whether parenteral nutrition is advantageous in patients with shock although benefits are conceivable in light of less gastrointestinal complications. Thus far, no guideline has addressed indications for parenteral nutrition in these patients. By considering recent scientific evidence, specific guideline recommendations, and expert opinions, we present a clinical algorithm that may facilitate decision-making when feeding critically ill patients with shock.