Current opinion in critical care
-
Curr Opin Crit Care · Oct 2008
ReviewOutcome prediction in critical care: the Simplified Acute Physiology Score models.
Outcome prediction models measuring severity of illness of patients admitted to the intensive care unit should predict hospital mortality. This review describes the state-of-the-art of Simplified Acute Physiology Score models from the clinical and managerial perspectives. Methodological issues concerning the effects of differences between new samples and original databases in which the models were developed are considered. ⋯ Comparisons of intensive care unit performance should take into account not only the patient severity of illness, but also the effect of the 'intensive care unit variable', that is, differences in human resources, structure, equipment, management and organization of the intensive care unit. In the future, moving from patient and geographical area adjustment to resource use could allow the user to adjust for differences in healthcare provision.
-
Congestion causes the majority of hospitalizations for heart failure and contributes to heart failure progression and mortality. Intravenous loop diuretics reduce the signs and symptoms of congestion. Loop diuretics, however, may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality because of deleterious effects on neurohormonal activation, electrolyte balance, and cardiac and renal function. Ultrafiltration, an alternative method of sodium and water removal, safely improves hemodynamics in heart failure patients. ⋯ In decompensated heart failure, ultrafiltration safely produces greater weight and fluid loss than intravenous diuretics, reduces rehospitalization rates for heart failure and is an effective alternative therapy.