Microbial drug resistance : MDR : mechanisms, epidemiology, and disease
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Microb. Drug Resist. · Dec 2014
Poor compliance with community-acquired pneumonia antibiotic guidelines in a large Australian private hospital emergency department.
This study evaluated guideline concordance and time to administration of antibiotics in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a private Australian emergency department (ED). Two key components in the management of CAP are timely administration and appropriate choice of antibiotic therapy. The use of antibiotics outside of guidelines can potentially increase rates of antibiotic resistance. Previous studies that evaluate guideline concordance have largely been conducted in Australian public hospitals; however, private hospitals comprise a significant portion of Australian health care. ⋯ We found low rates of concordance with CAP antibiotic guidelines and high use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This has the potential to lead to increased rates of antibiotic resistance. A subtle alteration to the restrictions within the pharmaceutical benefit scheme formulary could potentially decrease the high usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the low mortality rate, nontoxic nature of these antibiotics, and the ease of their administration pose a challenge to convincing clinicians to alter their practice.
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Microb. Drug Resist. · Dec 2014
In vitro synergistic activity of colistin and ceftazidime or ciprofloxacin against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat. Antibiotic development is dwindling in recent years. In order to develop new alternate therapies antimicrobial activity of different antibiotic combinations are being studied in vitro and in vivo. ⋯ For the remaining strains, though synergy was not observed, significant reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration was evident. The results of this study are significant as sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin have an advantage of reducing in vivo toxicity. These findings need further evaluation for clinical use.