Substance use & misuse
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Substance use & misuse · Jan 2020
Who Uses Tobacco Products? Using Peer Crowd Segmentation to Identify Youth at Risk for Cigarettes, Cigar Products, Hookah, and E-Cigarettes.
Background: Understanding which adolescents are at greatest risk for cigarettes and other tobacco products is critical to inform tailored and targeted interventions. Objectives: We used peer crowds (macro-level subcultures) to identify subgroups of adolescents at-risk for using and being open to using cigarettes; cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars (cigar products); hookah; e-cigarettes; any tobacco product; and multiple products. Methods: In 2017, youth ages 12-17 in five U. ⋯ Popular (cigar products, e-cigarettes) and Alternative (cigarettes) demonstrated increased odds of use compared to Mainstream. We also observed elevated odds of cigarette openness among Alternative, Country, and Hip Hop youth, and of hookah openness among Hip Hop and Popular youth compared to Mainstream. Conclusions/Importance: Peer crowd-tailored cigarette education campaigns can be extended to address other tobacco product risk, especially for higher-risk peer crowds such as Hip Hop.
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Substance use & misuse · Jan 2020
Changes in Nicotine Product Use among Dual Users of Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2015.
Background: Dual use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes ("dual use") is the most common poly-tobacco use pattern among U. S. adults. Whether dual use facilitates or inhibits smoking cessation is of concern, yet limited information exists regarding continuation of dual use over time. ⋯ Conclusions: Over a one year period, most dual users still smoked tobacco cigarettes. Frequency of cigarette and e-cigarette use at Wave 1 were each associated with odds of smoking abstinence. Findings suggest that daily e-cigarette use may increase dual users' chances of becoming smoke free.
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Substance use & misuse · Jan 2020
CBD (Cannabidiol) Product Attitudes, Knowledge, and Use Among Young Adults.
Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis is marketed as a potential treatment for many conditions and widely available to purchase as a dietary supplement. In 2017, sales of CBD exceeded 820 million dollars despite many unconfirmed health claims, murky legality, and limited product efficacy and safety testing. Purpose/Objectives: This study aims to explore cannabidiol (CBD) knowledge, attitudes, and use among young adults. ⋯ Many respondents reported using guesswork to determine dosage, and over half of respondents reported at least one unanticipated side effect. Conclusions/Importance: This study revealed that many users are not responsibly using CBD products, many believe CBD products provide health benefits that are not yet scientifically proven, and they are not knowledgeable about legal and regulatory issues. Until CBD use is more thoroughly researched and has more comprehensive regulation, public health professionals should address alternative stress and anxiety treatment methods.
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Substance use & misuse · Jan 2020
Provider beliefs on the Barriers and Facilitators to Prescription Monitoring Programs and Mandated Use.
Background: Underutilization of Prescription monitoring programs (PMP), especially in states where participation is voluntary could limit their impact against opioid epidemic. Objectives: To (1) examine PMP use among Iowa healthcare providers (HCPs); (2) identify factors prompting and impeding PMP use, and (3) assess beliefs toward mandating PMP use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Iowa HCPs was conducted using a 12-item questionnaire. ⋯ Discussion: HCPs displayed variation in PMP use. EMR integration appears to be a strategy for increasing PMP use. There was resistance to mandating PMP use for all controlled substances prescribed and dispensed, with some interest in mandates for new patients only or new controlled substance prescriptions only.