Annals of internal medicine
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Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of inhaled insulin therapy in adults with diabetes mellitus.
Injection insulin therapy is not readily accepted by patients and many health care providers; therefore, less invasive options for insulin therapy are desirable. ⋯ Inhaled insulin offers an alternative noninvasive option for premeal insulin administration, with glycemic efficacy slightly less than subcutaneous regular insulin and increased patient acceptability. Until long-term safety data are available, inhaled insulin should be reserved for nonpregnant adults with diabetes who are opposed to injections and who would otherwise delay appropriate and timely therapy with insulin.