Annals of surgery
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Improved net protein balance, lean mass, and gene expression changes with oxandrolone treatment in the severely burned.
To determine the effects of the anabolic agent oxandrolone on muscle protein and gene expression in severely burned children. ⋯ Oxandrolone improves protein net balance and lean mass in the severely burned. These changes are associated with increased gene expression for functional muscle proteins.
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To restore islet function in patients whose labile diabetes subjected them to frequent dangerous episodes of hypoglycemic unawareness, and to determine whether multiple transplants are always required to achieve insulin independence. ⋯ This report confirms the efficacy of the Edmonton immunosuppressive regimen and indicates that insulin independence can often be achieved by a single transplant of sufficient islet mass.
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The evolution of nonoperative management of certain solid visceral injuries has stimulated speculation that management of the severely injured child is no longer a surgical exercise. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of injuries that require surgical evaluation is disproportionately high in children at risk of death or disability from significant injury. ⋯ These data clearly demonstrate the primacy of surgical pathology as the major determinant of outcome in pediatric injury. Operative intervention and the option of timely operative care remain major components of clinical management of children with injuries that pose a significant risk of morbidity or mortality.
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To examine the breadth of application and resulting outcomes in a university-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program directed by pediatric surgeons. ⋯ ECMO can potentially eliminate mortality for meconium aspiration syndrome. Survival for other causes of respiratory failure in neonates and older children, while not as dramatic, still surpasses that anticipated with conventional therapy. Moreover, survival of transplant patients has been comparable to that achieved in other children.
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To evaluate the preoperative relationships of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in severe obesity and the effects of gastric bypass (GBP)-induced weight loss. ⋯ These data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be indirectly related to each other through the effects of obesity, but not directly as to cause and effect. The longer a person remains severely obese, the more likely he or she is to develop diabetes, hypertension, or both. GBP-induced weight loss is effective in correcting diabetes, hypertension, and other comorbidities but is related to the %EWL achieved. Severely obese African-Americans were more likely to have hypertension and respond less well to GBP surgery than whites. These data suggest that GBP surgery for severe obesity should be provided earlier to patients to prevent the development of diabetes and hypertension and their complications.