Annals of surgery
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This study analyses the anatomy and sensory outcomes of targeted nipple areola complex reinnervation (TNR) in gender-affirming double incision mastectomy with free nipple grafting (FNG). ⋯ TNR allows for restoration of NAC and chest sensation within 3 months postoperatively. Use of multiple ICN branches and direct coaptation led to the best sensory outcomes.
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To compare the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical inpatients with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and additional graduated compression stockings (GCSs) versus pharmacological thromboprophylaxis alone. ⋯ Evidence from head-to-head meta-analysis and pooled trial arms demonstrates no additional benefit for GCS in preventing VTE and VTE-related mortality. GCS confer a risk of skin complications and an economic burden; current evidence does not support their use for surgical inpatients.
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Historically, the American Board of Surgery required surgeons to pass the qualifying examination (QE) before taking the certifying examination (CE). However, in the 2020-2021 academic year, with mitigating circumstances related to COVID-19, the ABS removed this sequencing requirement to facilitate the certification process for those candidates who were negatively impacted by a QE delivery failure. This decoupling of the traditional order of exam delivery has provided a natural comparator to the traditional route and an analysis of the impact of examination sequencing on candidate performance. ⋯ This important study suggests that preparation for the QE increases the probability of passing the CE and provides evidence that knowledge may be foundational for clinical judgment. The ABS will consider these findings for examination sequencing moving forward.
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The aim of this study was to examine the association between race, experience of microaggressions, and implicit bias in surgical training. ⋯ Race plays an important role in experiencing microaggressions and implicit bias. As the future of our specialty relies on the well-being of the pipeline, it is crucial that training programs and institutions are proactive in developing formal methods to address the bias experienced by residents.
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To analyze 10,000 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipient data to elucidate outcomes with special reference to the graft-versus-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), based on the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society (JLTS) registry. ⋯ Although a satisfactory long-term PS and GS, especially in the recent era (2011-2021), was achieved in the JLTS series, a GRWR ≥5 in pediatric cases and relatively old donors with a GRWR <0.7 in adult cases should be managed with caution.