Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
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To examine the association of various gender-affirming hormone therapy regimens with blood sex hormone concentrations in transgender individuals. ⋯ In the transgender men, all routes and formulations of testosterone appeared to be equally effective in achieving concentrations in the male range. The intramuscular injections of estradiol resulted in the highest serum concentrations of estradiol, whereas transdermal estradiol resulted in the lowest concentration. There was positive relationship between both oral estradiol and injectable testosterone dose and serum sex hormone concentrations in transgender people receiving GAHT.