Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyClinical dose findings of sitafloxacin treatment: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of two clinical trial results for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
The adequacy of sitafloxacin clinical dose regimens was assessed by comparing the efficacy of the administration of 100 mg sitafloxacin once daily (100 mg qd group) and 50 mg sitafloxacin twice daily (50 mg bid group). Patients with respiratory tract infections caused by pneumococci were orally treated with sitafloxacin (100 mg qd or 50 mg bid) for 7 days. The clinical efficacy, pneumococci eradication rate, safety, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of the two groups were then assessed. ⋯ The incidences of adverse drug reactions were 33.7 % in the 100 mg qd group and 40.4 % in the 50 mg bid group. No obvious differences in the efficacy and safety were observed between the dosage groups. For cases in which a sufficiently high C peak is necessary to ensure the susceptibility of the pathogens to the drug, 100 mg sitafloxacin once daily should be administered.
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J. Infect. Chemother. · Jun 2013
Nationwide surveillance of bacterial pathogens from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis conducted by the Japanese surveillance committee during 2009 and 2010: antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
The Japanese surveillance committee conducted the first nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens responsible for female acute uncomplicated cystitis at 43 hospitals throughout Japan from April 2009 to November 2010. In this study, the causative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents were investigated by isolation and culturing of bacteria from urine samples. In total, 387 strains were isolated from 461 patients, including E. coli (n = 301, 77.8 %), S. saprophyticus (n = 20, 5.2 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 13, 3.4 %), and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 11, 2.8 %). ⋯ It is important to confirm the susceptibility of causative bacteria for optimal antimicrobial therapy, and empiric antimicrobial agents should be selected by considering patient characteristics and other factors. However, the number of isolates of fluoroquinolone-resistant or ESBL-producing strains in gram-negative bacilli may be increasing in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Japan. Therefore, these data present important information for the proper treatment of UTIs and will serve as a useful reference for future surveillance studies.