Spinal cord
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Retrospective study. ⋯ According to our features, interspinous systems showed significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain and disability for up to 6 years. Furthermore, interspinous devices have shown better clinical outcome and less lumbar disc recurrences when associated with standard microdiscectomy. These data, however, need further studies and a longer period of follow-up.
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In our clinical training program, which includes probable American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) grade changes in the event of recovery, we have noticed some confounding results regarding the AIS grading in spinal cord injury (SCI) patient case examples who are expected to recover. We also observed an individual case that showed a conflict between AIS grade conversion and neurological changes in European Multicenter Study on Human Spinal Cord Injury study. ⋯ When recovery occurs without observing any motor or sensory changes while taking only the AIS into account, it would be possible to make an incorrect conclusion. This is most likely an indication of a limitation of the AIS. To enlighten this paradox, the large amount of data in SCI databases should be reanalyzed.
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Case report. ⋯ There is a lack of data characterising SDAM, and ascending myelopathy in a stable SCI should alert the clinician. Importantly, we propose that SDAM is the appropriate terminology.
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Case Reports
Ultrasonographically guided obturator nerve block for bilateral adductor spasticity in a paraplegic patient.
A case report defining an interventional procedure. ⋯ Ultrasound is a challenging tool for nerve blocks. Ultrasound guidance seems as an essential approach for the blocking of the nerves with variable anatomical courses, such as the obturator nerve.
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Animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models have proved invaluable in better understanding the mechanisms involved in traumatic SCI and evaluating the effectiveness of experimental therapeutic interventions. Over the past 25 years, substantial gains have been made in developing consistent, reproducible and reliable animal SCI models. ⋯ All SCI models aim to replicate SCI in humans as closely as possible. Given the recent improvements in commonly used models and development of newer paradigms, much progress is anticipated in the coming years.