Spinal cord
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Comparative Study
Comparison of changes in mRNA expression of spinal glutamate transporters following induction of two neuropathic pain models.
It is now suspected that different kinds of neuropathic pain syndromes may have significantly different mechanisms. To date, much effort has been made to investigate the function of glutamate transporters (GTs) after nerve injury. The aim of this study is to compare the changes in GTs' mRNA expression levels between two distinct models of peripheral neuropathic pain: chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) and spared nerve injury (SNI). ⋯ The maximum responses of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in two distinct neuropathic pain models were detected on day 14. CCI and SNI induced upregulation of three GTs on day 4, which were followed by GTs downregulation in CCI and downregulation of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter (GLT)1 in SNI when examined on day 14. These results indicate that there is an inverse correlation between pain responses and expression of GTs, and also changes in expression of spinal GTs may have a critical function in both the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain in independent peripheral neuropathic pain models.
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Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort, case-control, pre-post studies, and case reports that assessed pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention for the management of the neurogenic bowel after spinal cord injury (SCI) were included. ⋯ Often, more than one procedure is necessary to develop an effective bowel routine. Evidence is low for non-pharmacological approaches and high for pharmacological interventions.
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An in vivo study using a spinal cord compression model in rats. ⋯ These results suggest that adenosine inhibits hyperalgesia through the stimulation of A1 receptors. Adenosine or adenosine A1 receptor agonists should be considered as candidates for new therapeutic methods for treating post-SCI dysesthesia.
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Case report. ⋯ Late onset cervical myelopathy secondary to fibrous scar tissue formation around the epidural electrode should be considered a possible event associated with SCS therapy.
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Multicenter Study
Functioning and disability in spinal cord injury from the consumer perspective: an international qualitative study using focus groups and the ICF.
Qualitative, multi-center study. ⋯ A broad range of the individual experiences of persons with SCI is covered by the ICF. A large number of experiences were related to Personal Factors.