Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Nov 2008
Detection of raised intracranial pressure by ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in African children.
To evaluate optic nerve sheath (ONS) ultrasound as a non-invasive method of detecting raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and to establish normal ONS diameter data for African children. ⋯ ONS ultrasound is an accurate method for detecting raised ICP that can be applied in a broad range of settings. It has the advantages of being a non-invasive, bedside test, which can be repeated multiple times for re-evaluation.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Oct 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of iron or multiple micronutrient supplements on the prevalence of anaemia among anaemic young children of a malaria-endemic area: a randomized double-blind trial.
To assess the effect of supplementation with iron or multiple micronutrients (MM) on the prevalence of anaemia in a malaria-endemic area. ⋯ In this malaria-endemic area, in combination with malaria management, the MM supplement was more efficacious than the Fe supplement and the IZ supplement for reducing anaemia. Further investigation into limiting factors and amounts of micronutrients that would be more efficacious for reducing anaemia is recommended.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Oct 2008
ReviewNon-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: context, determinants and health policy.
The rise of non-communicable diseases and their impact in low- and middle-income countries has gained increased attention in recent years. However, the explanation for this rise is mostly an extrapolation from the history of high-income countries whose experience differed from the development processes affecting today's low- and middle-income countries. ⋯ Health policies for non-communicable diseases are considered in terms of interventions to reduce population risk and individual susceptibility and the research needs for low- and middle-income countries are discussed. Finally, the need for health system reform to strengthen primary care is highlighted as a major policy to reduce the toll of this rising epidemic.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Oct 2008
TB, HIV-associated TB and multidrug-resistant TB on Thailand's border with Myanmar, 2006-2007.
To measure the burden and improve management of tuberculosis (TB), HIV-associated TB and MDR TB in Tak Province, Thailand, which borders Myanmar. ⋯ In Thailand, TB, HIV-associated TB and MDR TB in migrants from Myanmar are important public health problems; they need to be resolved in both the countries.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Sep 2008
Drug-resistant TB and HIV in resource-limited settings: what TB/HIV programmes can learn from each other.
Although management of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in poor settings is in its infancy, lessons learned from TB may be relevant to HIV and vice versa. The experience with HIV has shown that rapid scale-up and lower drug pricing are achievable goals. ⋯ We call for a more rapid roll-out of treatment for MDR-TB with fewer administrative encumbrances and a greater sense of urgency in national TB control programmes. On the other hand, antiretroviral roll-out programmes should learn from the genesis of the MDR-TB problem; laboratory monitoring should be enhanced and compliance optimized to avoid the acquisition of additional drug resistance in HIV.