Manual therapy
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An investigation of intra- and inter-rater reliability anterior atlantodental interval (AADI) measurements was conducted using flexion/extension plain radiographs. Flexion and extension lateral radiographs of individuals investigated for atlantoaxial instability were measured for AADI on three occasions. ⋯ Inter-rater ICCs were 0.93 and 0.84 for flexion and extension, respectively. The AADI measurement proved to be reproducible with a minimal standard of error, between and within raters.
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Clinical Trial
Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests.
Previous research indicates that physical examination cannot diagnose sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pathology. Earlier studies have not reported sensitivities and specificities of composites of provocation tests known to have acceptable inter-examiner reliability. This study examined the diagnostic power of pain provocation SIJ tests singly and in various combinations, in relation to an accepted criterion standard. ⋯ In conclusion, composites of provocation SIJ tests are of value in clinical diagnosis of symptomatic SIJ. Three or more out of six tests or any two of four selected tests have the best predictive power in relation to results of intra-articular anaesthetic block injections. When all six provocation tests do not provoke familiar pain, the SIJ can be ruled out as a source of current LBP.