Manual therapy
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Measurement reliability of the L4/5 lumbar multifidus (MF) muscles is high in older adults, but few studies have investigated measurement reliability of the abdominal and upper lumbar MF muscles in this age group. ⋯ Measurement reliability of US imaging for abdominal and MF muscle thickness and MF CSA was high, and consistent with previous findings for younger adults. Reliability of percentage thickness change was lower suggesting caution is needed when using this as an outcome measure or study factor among older adults.